Selected publications
- Differential Scanning Calorimetric Study of the Interactions of some Stabilizing Amino Acids and Oligopeptides with Hen Egg White Lysozyme. B. Sabulal and N. Kishore J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1995 91: 2101-2106.
- Thermodynamics of Interactions of some Chloro-Substituted Alcohols with Hen Egg White Lysozyme. B. Sabulal and N. Kishore J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1996 92: 1905-1912.
- Amino Acids and Short Peptides Do Not Always Stabilize Globular Proteins - A Differential Scanning Calorimetric Study on their Interactions with Bovine-alpha-Lactalbumin. B. Sabulal and N. Kishore J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1997 93: 433-436.
- Thermodynamics of the Interaction of Some Chloro- and Fluro-Substituted Alcohols with Bovine-alpha-Lactalbumin. N. Kishore and B. Sabulal J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1998 94: 905-911.
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Thermal Unfolding of Hen Egg White Lysozyme in the Presence of 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol. N. Kishore and B. SabulalPure and Appl. Chem. 1998 70: 665-670. - Formation of a Distinctive Complex Between the Inducible Bacterial Lysine Decarboxylase and a Novel AAA+ ATPase. Jamie Snider, Irina Gutsche, Michelle Lin, Sabulal Baby, Brian Cox, Gareth Butland, Jack Greenblatt, Andrew Emili and Walid A. Houry J. Biol. Chem. 2006 281: 1532-1546 [Featured in the cover of JBC].
- Caryophyllene-rich Rhizome Oil of Zingiber nimmonii from South India: Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity. Baby Sabulal, Mathew Dan, Anil John J, Rajani Kurup, Nediyamparambu Sukumaran Pradeep, Renju Krishna Valsamma and Varughese George Phytochemistry 2006 67: 2469-2473 [Elsevier-ScienceDirect TOP25 Article in Phytochemistry].
- Phenylbutanoid-rich Rhizome Oil of Zingiber neesanum from Western Ghats in South India. Baby Sabulal, Mathew Dan, Anil John J, Rajani Kurup, Sreeja Purushothaman Chandrika and Varughese George. Flavour Frag. J. 2007 22: 521-524.
- Essential Oils and New Antimicrobial Strategies, B. Sabulal and V. George, In: New Strategies Combating Bacterial Infection. Ed. Iqbal Ahmad, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. 2008, pp. 165-203.
- Volatile Constituents from the Rhizomes of Curcuma haritha Mangaly and Sabu from southern India. Gopan Raj, Sabulal Baby, Mathew Dan, Abdul Rasheed Muhammed Thaha, Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman, Varughese George. Flavour Frag. J. 2008 23: 348-352.
- High Content of Zerumbone in Volatile Oils of Zingiber zerumbet from South India and Malaysia. Sabulal Baby, Mathew Dan, Abdul R. M. Thaha, Anil J. Johnson, Rajani Kurup, Prasanth Balakrishnapillai, Chong Keat Lim. Flavour Frag. J. 2009 (in press).
(Publications: 32)
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Abstracts:
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Protein Biophysics
Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1995 91: 2101-2106.
Differential scanning calorimetric study of the interactions of some stabilizing amino acids and oligopeptides
with hen egg white lysozyme
B. Sabulal and N. Kishore
Thermal denaturation of lysozyme has been studied at pH 2 in aqueous mixtures of glycine, alanine, leucine,
lysine, diglycine, triglycine, tetraglycine, pentaglycine, glycylleucine and glycyl-glycyl-leucine by high-
sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The most obvious effect of all the amino acids and peptides
was to raise the temperature of denaturation t1/2. Both the calorimetric and van't Hoff enthalpies of denaturation
increased in the presence of these systems, the ratio of the two enthalpies being nearly unity in each case,
indicating the validity of the two-state approximation for the unfolding of lysozyme in these cosolute systems.
The reversibility of the denaturation has been demonstrated by the reversibility of the DSC curves. It has been
observed that the peptides provide more thermal stabilization than the corresponding free amino acids. The
quantitative thermodynamic parameters accompanying the thermal denaturation have been evaluated.
The observed stabilization of the protein in the presence of these cosolutes has been explained on the basis
of preferential hydration of the protein and the attenuation of this effect by the hydrophobic and H-bonding
groups of the amino acids and peptides.
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Phytochemistry
Phytochemistry 2006 67: 2469-2473
Caryophyllene-rich Rhizome Oil of Zingiber nimmonii from South India: Chemical Characterization and
Antimicrobial Activity
Baby Sabulal, Mathew Dan, Anil John J, Rajani Kurup, Nediyamparambu Sukumaran Pradeep, Renju
Krishna Valsamma and Varughese George
Volatile oil from the rhizomes of Zingiber nimmonii (J.Graham) Dalzell was isolated, characterized by
analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Sixty-five constituents
accounting for 97.5% of the oil were identified. Z. nimmonii rhizome oil is a unique caryophyllene-rich
natural source with isomeric caryophyllenes, b-caryophyllene (42.2%) and a-humulene (a-caryophyllene,
27.7%), as its major constituents along with traces of isocaryophyllene. The rhizome oil contained
71.2% sesquiterpenes, 14.2% oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 8.9% monoterpenes, 1.9% oxygenated
monoterpenes and 1.3% non-terpenoid constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested
against human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The oil showed significant inhibitory activity
against the fungi, Candida glabrata, C. albicans and Aspergillus niger and the bacteria Bacillus subtilis
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No activity was observed against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum.
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Biochemistry-Proteomics
Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006 281: 1532-1546
Formation of a Distinctive Complex between the Inducible Bacterial Lysine Decarboxylase and a Novel AAA+
ATPase
Jamie Snider, Irina Gutsche, Michelle Lin, Sabulal Baby, Brian Cox, Gareth Butland, Jack Greenblatt,
Andrew Emili and Walid A. Houry
AAA+ ATPases are ubiquitous proteins that employ the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis to remodel
proteins, DNA, or RNA. The MoxR family of AAA+ proteins is widespread throughout bacteria and archaea
but is largely uncharacterized. Limited work with specific members has suggested a potential role as
molecular chaperones involved in the assembly of protein complexes. As part of an effort aimed at determining
the function of novel AAA+ chaperones in Escherichia coli, we report the characterization of a representative
member of the MoxR family, YieN, which we have renamed RavA (regulatory ATPase variant A). We show
that the ravA gene exists on an operon with another gene encoding a protein, YieM, of unknown function
containing a Von Willebrand Factor Type A domain. RavA expression is under the control of the sS
transcription factor, and its levels increase toward late log/early stationary phase, consistent with its possible
role as a general stress response protein. RavA functions as an ATPase and forms hexameric oligomers.
Importantly, we demonstrate that RavA interacts strongly with inducible lysine decarboxylase (LdcI or CadA)
forming a large cage-like structure consisting of two LdcI decamers linked by a maximum of five RavA
oligomers. Surprisingly, the activity of LdcI does not appear to be affected by binding to RavA in a number of
in vitro and in vivo assays, however, complex formation results in the stimulation of RavA ATPase activity.
Data obtained suggest that the RavA-LdcI interaction may be important for the regulation of RavA activity
against its targets.
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Flavour and Fragrance: Chemistry
Flavour and Fragrance Journal 2007 22: 521-524
Phenylbutanoid-rich Rhizome Oil of Zingiber neesanum from Western Ghats, Southern India
Baby Sabulal, Mathew Dan, Anil John J, Rajani Kurup, Sreeja Purushothaman Chandrika and
Varughese George
Essential oil from the rhizomes of Zingiber neesanum (Graham) Ramamoorthy from the Western Ghats region of
southern India was isolated and characterized by GC and GC-MS. Oil constituents were identified by
comparison of individual mass spectra with databases and the literature, linear retention indices and
co-injection. Sixty-one constituents, comprising 97.4% of the oil, were identified. Phenylbutanoids, viz.
(E)-1-(3’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl) butadiene (31.1%), a potential antiinflammatory compound, and (E)-1-(3’,4’-
dimethoxyphenyl)but-1-ene (23.1%) were isolated from the oil by prep. TLC, characterized by IR, UV, 1H-NMR and
MS and quantified by external standardization. (E)-b-ocimene (12.7%), b-pinene (7.4%) and linalool (4.0%) were the
major terpenoid constituents in Z. neesanum rhizome oil.
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Essential Oils and New Antimicrobial Strategies
In: New Strategies Combating Bacterial Infection. B. Sabulal and V. George, (Ed. Iqbal Ahmad, Farrukh Aqil),
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim 2008: 165-203.
Essential oils are complex mixtures of plant secondary metabolites, composed mostly of terpenoids. They
show considerable structural diversity with even nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds as their
constituents. In plant systems they act, according to the design, as defense compounds against microbes,
herbivores and other ecological factors. Essential oils have applications as antimicrobials, food preservatives,
flavours and cosmetics. They are also used in clinical applications and aromatherapy. This article describes
new essential oil based antimicrobial strategies, particularly giving emphasis to essential oil constituents. A
range of recent mechanistic studies of essential oil constituents is compiled. The mode of action of essential
oils as antimicrobials, specific assay techniques and other recent developments in these areas are also
addressed. Further, the evolution of research on essential oils, biosynthesis, extraction techniques, chemical
analysis, physical parameters, olfactory evaluation and other basic concepts are also described.






